A useful way to think of the mechanism by which this occurs is to suppose that the member countries establish a supranational institution that implements the choice of the degree of cooperation mutually agreed by the members. The value of retaining “sovereignty” is that it enables a government...
Both regulation and self-regulation are being fostered by supranational governments (e.g., the European Union's directives on misleading and comparative advertising), international organizations (e.g., the World Health Organization's development of a global treaty to control tobacco sales and advertisi...
As a public authority, the European Union is less than a state, but more than an international organization. "Entity", "geopolitical actor", "multi-level governance" are examples of inaccurate terms that have been used to capture the meaning of a political organization with a diffuse ...
But in the end, tax competition tends to reward sensible countries and punish rapacious one. Hence the need for supranational quasi-governance from bodies like the OECD and the European Parliament—to prevent the Irelands of the world from treating their taxpayers a bit better. Aside from the b...
national versus supranational regulatory systems, consequences of the Euro-zone financial crisis, the future of the euro, global monetary and fiscal stability, strategies to stop the immense increases in fiscal deficits and to regain fiscal stability, regulatory systems limiting world-wide contagion effec...
It includes information about national and supranational fiscal rules. The authors distinguish between budget balance rules (BBR), debt rules (DR), expenditure rules (ER), and revenue rules (RR). These rules apply to the general or central government or the The state level Sub-national ...
From this perspective, the United States (in the ninteenth century), the European Union, the North American Free Trade Area and the World Trade Organization are all examples of the same phenomenon. In all these cases, the removal of barriers to the free circulation of factors of production ...
A need for an increased role for the United Nations, the only supranational institution, that has a broad political legitimacy and an adequate representation of both middle-income countries and the least-developed countries to ensure the necessary and just regulations on key and complex issues has ...
Its versatility allows analyses to be carried out on any scale (from local and regional to national and supranational). Depending on the behavioural rules chosen, behaviour based on sectoral or technological activity can be introduced, as well as deterministic relationship rules on how entities ...
There are a number of substantive fields in international law, namely the economic, environmental, criminal, humanitarian, security, human rights, and diplomatic fields (Evans, 2014). TheEuropean Union(EU), the UN, and various other supranational organizations have established numerous legal bodies in...