It has been argued here that the risks to OECD mineral supplies are largely concentrated in two geographical regions 鈥 Southern Africa and the Persian-Arabian Gulf 鈥 and that the minerals with the highest uncertainties are, in order of importance, oil, the group of steel alloys in which ...
including rare earth elements, lithium, and graphite, essential for modern technologies like electric vehicles and renewable energy systems. A 2023 European Commission survey identified 25 out of 34 critical minerals on the island.
Economic growth based on the extractive sector In 2023, growth remained relatively resilient, despite the deterioration in the security and humanitarian situation in the east and in the terms of trade. The economy is essentially based on minerals (25% of GDP), whose prices have fallen. Although...
The author emphasizes the need for government intervention in the Kyrgyz economy in order to saturate the consumer market primarily with domestically produced goods, halt and reverse the depopulation of remote rural areas, and better exploit the country's potential, especially in minerals extraction and...
Promote the standardization of a monitoring network that combines multi-source remote sensing and ground observation of ecological resources to form a comprehensive survey and monitoring coverage on forest, grassland, wetland, farmland, oceans, minerals, water resources, and other important ecological ...
We will enhance resilient supply chains through partnerships around the world, especially for critical goods such as critical minerals, semiconductors and batteries. We will step up our efforts to strengthen channels of communication to address supply disruptions and share insights and best practices, ...
Chapter One provides the GETMI analysis in general on the following 13 industries, including electronics, textiles, steel, chemicals, mechanical equipment, building materials, minerals, agriculture, light industry, pharmaceuticals, non-ferrous metals, transportation equipment ...
. These natural resources include the land itself, as well as any minerals, oil deposits, timber, or water that exists on or below the ground. This category is sometimes described as including only the free gifts of nature, those resources that exist independent of human action. Labour (ε...
whereas ferrous metals industry loses 1.4% of VA. These losses can be attributed to both insufficient demand in the domestic construction sector and shortage of minerals and coal supplies from countries in Southeast Asia and Africa (for example, Indonesia and South Africa). In 2060, under SSP ...
it comprehensively considers the elements of the natural–social–economic system, especially the natural environment system. It includes resources such as the atmosphere, minerals, and energy sources such as solar energy and potential rainwater energy in natural systems. Consideration is also given to ...