There is no denying the objective importance of interest rates, gross domestic product, existing home sales, or other indexes. The indicators reflect the cost of money, spending, investment, and the activity level of a major portion of the overall economy. Like many other forms of financial or...
While a sector represents a large segment of an economy that includes many companies, an industry represents a more narrow focus of the companies within a particular sector. Thus, industries are the result of breaking down a sector into more defined and specific groupings. On the other hand, ...
Employability is a particular focus for students and may be seen as a return on investment in higher education. This has raised academic concerns that education has become “the making of human capital” (Connell, 2019, p. 118) and that government and employers are exerting excessive influence ...
The growth of renewable energy (RED), economic growth (EG), fiscal policy (FIS), foreign investment (FI), Government spending (GS), and modernization (IND) are all components of the paradigm mentioned above. In this equation (1), εit a represents the intercept and i, t identify the cr...
The value of total saving in the economy is always equal to the value of total investment spending. In the model of the market for loanable funds, the interaction of borrowers and lenders determines the market interest rate and the quantity of loanable funds exchanged. A business cycle consists...
Assessments of daily temperature variability were motivated by evidence of impacts on agricultural output and human health, as well as macroeconomic literature on the impacts of volatility on growth when manifest in different dimensions, such as government spending, exchange rates and even output itself...
(1) The investment variable had a positive effect on the economic growth. (2) The human capital variable had a positive effect on the economic growth. (3) The government capital spending variable had a positive effect on the economic growth. (4) The investment, human capital, and government...
Other studies use R&D investment to represent the innovation level, but it only represents the local government’s emphasis on innovation, not the innovation level. And due to data limitations, R&D spending cannot effectively measure GTI [59,60]. Given all this and reference previous study [10,...
I = Investment; G = Government spending; X = Exports of goods and services; M = Imports of goods and services. 2.2. Inflation Inflation is a general and continuous increase in the price of goods (Amrial et al. 2019;Wahyudi et al. 2021;Warjiyo and Juhro 2019a,2019b). From this def...
an increase in investment (or in government spending) leads to rehiring of workers out of the pool of unemployed. Re-employed workers will have the cash with which to exert effective demand. Hence business will pick up also in the consumer goods industries. Thus, the theory suggests the use...