作者: Costalli, Stefano,Moretti, Luigi,Pischedda, Costantino 摘要: There is a consensus that civil wars entail enormous economic costs, but there is little systematic analysis of the determinants of their heterogeneous destructiveness. Moreover, reliably estimating these costs has proven challenging, ...
Our main results indicate that: (1) from 1970 to 2015 civil conflicts on average reduced economic growth by 4 percentage points per year of conflict; (2) the 1993-2003 civil war cost each Burundian between USD 1290 and USD 1520 and between USD 8 billion and USD 10 billion to the whole...
(1999) used an economic growth framework to measure the economic effects of civil war during the ...
This paper estimates the economic impact of terrorism at $US 33 billion in 2018. In the 18 years from 2000 to 2018, terrorism cost the world economy $US 855 billion. This model follows the methodology of the 2019 Global Terrorism Index and uses a bottom-
She criticized what she called tax breaks for the rich and the rising cost of living, while "nothing's being done to help those that are struggling." "For those who say we have a deficit of resources, I say absolutely not. The deficit is in the human will," Bernice King, the younges...
Define Economic sanction. Economic sanction synonyms, Economic sanction pronunciation, Economic sanction translation, English dictionary definition of Economic sanction. pl n any actions taken by one nation or group of nations to harm the economy of anot
feel or realise in the least that an age is over. We are busy picking up the threads of our life where we dropped them, with this difference only, that many of us seem a good deal richer than we were before. Where we spent millions before the war, we have now learnt that we can...
However, Sri Lanka's economic performance has been below its potential, and the unresolved civil conflict poses one of the greatest obstacles to its long terms growth prospects. This article examines some indirect costs of Sri Lanka's civil war. It argues that the conflict has resulted in ...
levelsthatwillputupwardpressureonthecostofMajoreconomies:Recent capitalforgovernmentsandfirmsasdebtsaredevelopmentsandoutlook rolledover(figure1.6.B). HighfinancingcostshavebeenreflectedincreditAdvancedeconomies marketdevelopments.Advanced-economybanks havebeenreportingrestrictivelendingstandards,Aggregategrowthinadvancedecono...
political degradation or loss of territory: both Peter and Salamon did homage to the Holy Roman emperor for their thrones, and Aba’s war against Peter’s protectors cost Hungary its previous territories west of the Leitha River, while the wars of the 12th century cost it areas in the south...