Echeloncomes fromscala, a Latin word meaning "ladder" that is also the source of Frencheschelon, meaning "rung of a ladder." Over time, the French word came to mean "step," "grade," or "level." English borrowed the word and upped its meaning to "a level or category within an organ...
Knowing how incumbents and startups affect the TMT’s influence holds significant relevance for TMTs because it offers advice on how to adjust their management approach based on the type of firm they lead. Depending on how effective TMT AI literacy influences AI orientation or HR-related AI imp...
Monga, ManjitJournal of Developing AreasThe Journal of Developing AreasMonga, M. (2016). Meaning of integrity from the upper echelons' perspective. The Journal of Developing Areas, 50(6), 333-340. https://doi.org/10.1353/jda.2016.0126
In proposing new research directions, we challenge organizations researchers to (1) reconsider the universality of the top management team (TMT) construct, (2) carefully explore the practical and theoretical meaning of TMT demographic characteristics vis-à-vis the deeper constructs they are presumed ...
This article examines the meaning of EAC in its narrow and broad contexts and the major issues associated with the topic. For background, the article provides a historical overview of the Army's earlier higher echelon organizations and a review of the contemporary rebirth of this topic. The ...
and Tate (2008). However, these measures are based upon ex ante specified word lists to derive confidence and non-confidence categories and are then applied in a deductive manner, a form of content analysis (see Krippendorff1980). They are ought to capture the underlying meaning of the ...