even sensitive modern broadband seismographs remain on scale when recording local or regional earthquakes up toM≈ 7. This reduces the need forMdscales. Moreover, the increasing availability of modern strong-motion (SM) recorders with comparably large dynamic range, which will not clip even...
The earthquake events are scaled either according to the magnitude or intensity of the shock. The magnitude scale is known as theRichter scale.The magnitude relates to the energy released during the quake. The magnitude is expressed in absolute numbers, 0-10. The intensity scale is named afterM...
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however, it is formally a rating assigned by an observer of these effects using a descriptive scale. Intensity grades are commonly given in Roman numerals (in the case of the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale, from I for “not perceptible” to XII for “total...
Calculation results of the spatial characteristics of landslides (Name of software: ArcGIS 10.5). Full size image Based on the value of spatial distribution characteristics that calculated by KDE, this paper uses the average value (3.3) as the demarcation point to divide the spatial characteristics ...
For each time scale, we show the best-fitting function of a/R (a, amplitude scaling factor; R, distance) as a dashed line, with r2 goodness of that fit displayed in the corner. (a)-(c) have distance referenced to the centroid of the magma reservoir used for modeling, and (d)-(f...
uncertainty is ~0.2 cm–1for the 464 and 128 cm–1Raman bands (1σ). The gem-quality single quartz crystal was calibrated every hour. The standard deviation (1σ) of the quartz standard shift was less than 0.2 cm–1during the measurement session, which lasts several weeks. The...
For reference, it is noted that the JMA seismic intensity scale and its estimated physical damages is explained in Fig. 1. The earthquake-induced strong ground motion was observed over the large area of central Hokkaido (Fig. 1). This earthquake caused various types of geo-disasters. Slope ...
The geometry of the template and searching stations, which may benefit the similarity measurement, is not considered in the S-EqT model. The batch size in training and testing is set to be one for implementation convenience, which limits the training and testing speed. ...
In the eastern part of Toyama Bay, a deep-sea water intake pipe in Nyuzen was damaged by submarine landslides. However, according to the information from the investigation by Nyuzen town, the scale of the submarine landslides might be relatively small compared to that of SL1-SL5. In the ...