Professor Emeritus of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley. Author ofEarthquakes: A Primerand others. Bruce A. Bolt Fact-checked by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether ...
What is the simple definition of earthquake? A simple definition of an earthquake is the release of mechanical energy felt in waves as strain is released from rocks in the earth's crust. What is epicenter and hypocenter? The hypocenter or focus is the point deep in the crust where the eart...
Fault plane= the planar (flat) surface along which two blocks of the earth's crust suddenly slip past one another during an earthquake Focus= the point inside the Earth where the rock breaks off and pressure is released, The focus point generally occurs 45 miles below the ground. Focal dept...
Also known as: earth tremor Written by Bruce A. Bolt Professor Emeritus of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley. Author ofEarthquakes: A Primerand others. Bruce A. Bolt Fact-checked by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica ...
Focus-group discussions, separated by gender to assure female representation in the data, aimed to find differences in knowledge access and understanding. Some women are strongly involved in the reconstruction due to the absence of men, who were working in agriculture, urban areas, or even abroad...
Earthquake Loading Earthquake Loading Earthquake is caused by either the rupturing of faults in the earth's crust or landslides and volcanic eruptions. During earthquake, the ground vibrates both horizontally and vertically. Horizontal acceleration produces shear forces working on the tall buildings. The...
In the volume, for the first time, the physics of fractures is used to examine and generalize certain aspects of the processes preparatory to an earthquake and concomitant changes in the physical state of the medium in the region of the earthquake focus. The book covers a wide range of ...
AcronymDefinition EERLEarthquake Engineering Research Laboratory(Pasadena, CA) EERLEnergy Engineering Research Laboratory(Japan) EERLEthanol Europe Renewables Ltd.(Ireland) EERLElectronic Environmental Resources Library(National Science Foundation) EERLEmergency Earthquake Recovery Loan(World Bank) ...
The sudden release ofenergyresulting from the fracturing of rocks relieves much of the stress at the earthquake’s focus; however, much of this energy is transferred to nearby rock. This transference either creates stresses where none existed before or increases the stress within or between rocks....
Macroseismic epicentre: The best estimate made of the position of the epicentre (i.e., the point on the Earth's surface above the focus of the earthquake) without using instrumental data. This may be derived from any or all of the following as circumstances dictate: position of highest inte...