10 10 Focus and Epicenter Focus and Epicenter All earthquakes start All earthquakes start beneath Earth’s beneath Earth’s surface. The focus of an surface. The focus of an earthquake is the point earthquake is the point underground where underground where rocks first begin to rocks first begin...
Earthquake Measurement - seismologists find an earthquake’s start time and location by comparing the arrival of P waves & S waves. epicenter: the point on Earth’s surface directly above an earthquake’s starting point, or focus. focus: the point along a fault at which the first motion of ...
Basic Concept and Related Terms of EarthquakeEarthquake Magnitude (震级) Hypocenter (also called focus)(震源)--- it is the position of an earthquake originates. Epicenter (震中)--- it is the point on the earth surface that is directly above the hypocenter.Depth of hypocenter (震源深度)...
Focus - is the point inside Earth where an earthquake begins. Where on the surface did it happen? Epicenter - is the point on the Earth’s surface directly above the earthquake’s starting point (focus). How do we find the epicenter? Use three seismographs. Measuring Earthquakes The Richter...
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deep-focusearthquake）。某地与震中的距离叫震中距（epicentraldistance）。在海底或滨海地区发生的强烈地震，能引起巨大的波浪，称为海啸（tsunami）。地震是极其频繁的，全球每年发生地震约500万次。Source •Onthegroundfromtherecentpoint Theepicenterofthedepthtothesource Focaldepth ...
whethernaturalorcausedbyhumans—thatgeneratesseismicwaves.•Earthquakesarecausedmostlybyruptureofgeologicalfaults,butalsobyothereventssuchasvolcanicactivity,landslides,mineblasts,andnucleartests.•Anearthquake'spointofinitialruptureiscalleditsfocusorhypocenter.Theepicenteristhepointatgroundleveldirectlyabovethe...
1964 Alaska ground displacement (uplift approx 8 feet) 1964 Niigata Japan earthquake magnitude 7.5 structure damage due to liquefaction 1960 Chile earthquake magnitude 9.5 largest ever recorded before and after ground displacement (subsidence) 1960 Chile earthquake tsunami damage hit Hilo Hawaii 15 hours...
P waves S Waves A seismic wave that causes particles of rock to move in a back-and forth motion Primary waves – pressure waves Fastest waves Can travel through solids, liquids, and gases A seismic wave that causes particles of rock to move in a side-to- side motion Secondary waves – ...
How is an Earthquake’s Epicenter Located? Time-distance graph showing the average travel times for P- and S- waves. The farther away a seismograph is from the focus of an earthquake, the longer the interval between the arrivals of the P- and S- waves Locating the Earthquake How is an ...