Isotopic analysis of meteorites and interplanetary dust collected in the upper atmospheres have revealed the presence of pre-solar grains similar to those formed in evolved stars. This provides a direct link between star dust and the solar system and raises the possibility that the early solar ...
At the same time the atmosphere is almost opaque to the earth’s thermal radiation (owing to the presence of carbon dioxide and water vapors in the atmosphere—the greenhouse effect). If the earth did not have an atmosphere the average temperature of its surface would be -23°C, while in...
At the same time the atmosphere is almost opaque to the earth’s thermal radiation (owing to the presence of carbon dioxide and water vapors in the atmosphere—the greenhouse effect). If the earth did not have an atmosphere the average temperature of its surface would be -23°C, while in...
The greenhouse effect raises the average surface temperature about 35 degrees C above what it would otherwise be (from a frigid -21 C to a comfortable +14 C); without it the oceans would freeze and life as we know it would be impossible. The presence of free oxygen is quite remarkable ...
(Supplementary Information, Table S5) between Sb and the rare earth ions amount to approximately 0.3 electrons (roughly half of the overlap observed for a typical single bond, e.g., 0.6 for SbH3 or 0.7 for YH3), indicating the presence of a weak covalent interaction of the stibolyl Sb ...
The presence of infrared-bright rings surrounding the floors of numerous paterae on Io, as revealed by Juno/JIRAM, implies that this is a common process and a fundamental characteristic of eruptive activity within paterae. These data are consistent with the observation of molten exposed lava at...
Researchers have been able to readily identify the forced waves associated with the rotation of the Earth – atmospheric thermal tides – also predicted as a result of Laplace’s initial work. However, despite considerable subsequent work, their presence of Laplace’s waves had remained undetected....
Although victorious, Luthor was enraged to later discover that he did not defeat Superman, but a Superman Robot programmed to react to the presence of Kryptonite in the same way as the real Man of Steel. Exasperated at the elusiveness of his triumph, Luthor returned the stolen bullion, ...
the Earth’s surface would be frozen without the presence of GHGs, and the average surface temperature would be 0°F (-18 °C). This is a significant temperature drop in comparison to the approximately 15°C average temperature on the Earth with the greenhouse effect. It is important to no...
The presence of high fluxes of energetic ions and electrons of the radiation belts must be taken into account in designing and operating spacecraft. At Earth, relativistic electron fluxes build to extremely high levels during magnetically active times referred to as storm times. High fluxes of rela...