Geology - Surface Features, Processes, Earth: Geomorphology is literally the study of the form or shape of the Earth, but it deals principally with the topographical features of the Earth’s surface. It is concerned with the classification, description,
Surface modeling began to be used in the 1960s, with the general availability of computers (Lo and Yeung, 2002), but because it requires powerful software and a large amount of spatially explicit data, its development was limited before the 1990s. The major advances that enabled the use of ...
Earth: surface compositionPercentage of Earth's surface devoted to various land and water features. Earth’s outermost, rigid, rocky layer is called thecrust. It is composed of low-density, easily melted rocks; thecontinental crustis predominantly granitic rock (seegranite), whilecompositionof the...
The trade of virtual water — the water associated with the production of traded goods — acts as a mechanism for the distribution of water resources between different countries. This Review discusses the major participating countries and industries, and current trends. It concludes by exploring how...
The Atlantic herring is one of the world’s most abundant vertebrates and a typical plankton feeder of major ecological importance. This study shows that a piscivorous (fish-eating) ecotype of herring has evolved after the colonization of the brackish Baltic Sea within the last 8,000 years. ...
Earth science satellites Merlin Merlin will use its LIDAR to probe the atmosphere and determine the varying concentrations of methane. This gas, along with carbon dioxide, is a major contributor to the greenhouse effect. Microcarb MicroCarb will be the first European mission dedicated solely to mea...
A second major factor affecting satellite gravimetry accuracy is the height of the orbiting satellite. The farther a satellite is from the Earth's surface, the lower its sensitivity to lateral variations in the Earth's gravity field. This is caused by the attenuation of gravity with distance fro...
ArcticDEM is a digital surface model (DSM) that portrays first-return elevation values that include vegetation, tree canopy, buildings, and other man-made surface features. The 2m asset is a collection of strips rather than a single mosaic due to projection differences between strips. ...
Earth Divided into Two Major Systems Some scientists organized of the parts of the Earth can be divided into two main systems. These two systems include all the organic and inorganic matter of the world. Every living and non-living thing on Earth falls under one of these two main spheres wh...
(PCA1). Additional detailed information about the practical implementation of SOM and PCA in this study can be found in the “Methods” and Supplementary information. First, SOM analysis of global mafic igneous data for 44 elements has identified four major classes of mafic composition, reflecting...