Earth - Core, Crust, Mantle: Earth’s outermost, rigid, rocky layer is called the crust. It is composed of low-density, easily melted rocks; the continental crust is predominantly granitic rock (see granite), while composition of the oceanic crust corres
The Earth's Crust and Mantle presents the deformations of the Earth's crust, which are attributed to mantle currents. This book explores the gravity observations, which give indications about the way in which the masses in the Earth are distributed. Comprised of five chapters, this book starts...
Earth - Core, Mantle, Crust: More than 90 percent of Earth’s mass is composed of iron, oxygen, silicon, and magnesium, elements that can form the crystalline minerals known as silicates. Nevertheless, in chemical and mineralogical composition, as in phy
have thought, a number of years, Tangshan City, at the foot of the earth's crust is undergoing a terrible change. Tangshan and Tangshan area west of the upper mantle and lower crustal magma and hot material accelerated upward migration of the crust, causing the vertical force. Strong crust...
A division of the three main structural elements of the earth, viz., crust, mantle and core, into zones is mainly based on seismological data. Most geophysicists today strongly support the hypothesis of a crust consisting of three layers (sediment, "granite" and "basalt"). In addition, vario...
In addition to oxygen-bearing iron alloys in Earth’s core, iron oxides have a widespread occurrence in Earth’s crust and mantle, which have a significant influence on the oxidation state and the phase balance of Earth’s interior. Therefore, extensive experiments have been conducted at relevant...
the KPR crust is thicker in the north than in the south. The uppermost mantle velocities just below the KPR bathymetric highs are lower than 8.0 km/s and are commonly associated with a slightly high Vp of 7.2 km/s at the base of the crust. Large amplitude reflection signals are sometimes...
To test the hypothesis that high quality 3D Earth models will produce seismic event locations which are more accurate and more precise, we are developing a global 3D P wave velocity model of the Earth's crust and mantle using seismic tomography. In this paper, we present the most recent vers...
A velocity model of the earth's crust and upper mantle of the Donbass, obtained from the DSS profile Novoazovsk-Titovka, is essentially different from models of other segments of the Dnieper-Donets rift. This is due to both significantly higher intensity of geological processes in the region, ...
The 176Lu to 176Hf decay series has been widely used to understand the nature of Earth's early crust-mantle system. The interpretation, however, of Lu-Hf isotope data requires accurate knowledge of the radioactive decay constant of 176Lu (lambda176Lu), as well as bulk-Earth reference parame...