Much of the current volume of Earth’s continental crust had formed by the end of the Archaean eon1 (2.5 billion years ago), through melting of hydrated basaltic rocks at depths of approximately 25–50 kilometres, forming sodic granites of the tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite (TTG) suite2,...
In the polar regions, the concentration of the MeC37:4 alkenone relative to those of MeC37:2 and MeC37:3 (Eq. 3 in Supplementary Material) has also been used as a proxy for paleo salinity to infer freshening episodes driven by changes in the cryosphere53,55. More recently, the MeC37:...
namely Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 (ETM2 or H1) and H2 that occurred ~2 Myr (~54 Ma) after the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) (refs.65,66). High-resolution (~1 kyr) benthic foraminiferal carbon (δ13Cb) and oxygen isotope records were previously generated from four...
Asteroid (162173) Ryugu is the target object of Hayabusa2, an asteroid exploration and sample return mission led by Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). Ground-based observations indicate that Ryugu is a C-type near-Earth asteroid with a diameter of less than 1 km, but the knowledge of...
Asia, as the largest extant accretionary continent, was made by the successive amalgamation of numerous magmatic arcs, continental blocks, and accretionary complexes from the Paleozoic to Cenozoic1,2,3. The Altaids (Fig. 1a), extending from the Pacific Ocean in the east to the Ural Mountains in...
Overall, these results indicate warmer conditions during the day and night, an increase in the duration of warm episodes over most of South America, and consistently a decrease in cold days and nights, which is in line with the others (Collazo et al. 2022; Gouveia et al. 2022). In gener...
The health impacts and economic value of wildland fire episodes in the US: 2008–2012. Sci. Total Environ. 610, 802–809 (2018). Google Scholar Read, P. & Denniss, R. With costs approaching $100 billion, the fires are Australia’s costliest natural disaster. The Conversation https://...
In addition, data indicate multiple intrusion episodes in this pluton since 10 Ma with a ~ 2-million-year period of quiescence; hence, a future intrusion event is likely within 1 million years.Similar content being viewed by others The Quaternary Kurobegawa Granite: an example of a deeply ...
Episodes 15(1):56–61. https://doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/1992/v15i1/009 Article Google Scholar Crippen RE, Blom RG (1991) Concept for the subresolution measurement of earthquake strain fields using SPOT panchromatic imagery. In: Earth and atmospheric remote sensing, vol 1492, pp 370–377...
Compositionally zoned crystals and real-time degassing data reveal changes in magma transfer dynamics during the 2006 summit eruptive episodes of Mt. Etna. Bull. Volcanol. 75, 692 (2013). Google Scholar Rasmussen, D. J. et al. When does eruption run-up begin? Multidisciplinary insight from...