The main symptom of dystonia is uncontrollable muscle movements that can range from very mild to severe. Dystonia can affect different body parts, and often the signs progress through stages. Some early symptoms include: A "dragging leg" Cramping of your foot Involuntary pulling of your neck Unco...
Signs and symptoms of dystonia Cervical dystonia (torticollis) Intermittent spasms of the neck muscles or abnormal head movements occur because of contractions of the sternocleidomastoid, trapezius, and posterior cervical muscles. This effect results in a patterned, repetitive, and spasmodic movement that...
In primary (isolated) dystonia the dystonic symptoms, which reflect the impairment of the motor system function, are the only disease's manifestation. Primary dystonia is the most prevalent form of dystonia syndrome, with a prevalence of about 16 per 100,000 in general population (Steeves, Day,...
Signs and symptoms of dopa-responsive dystonia usually appear during childhood, most commonly around age 6. The first signs of the condition are typically the development of inwardand upward-turning feet (clubfeet) and dystonia in the lower limbs. The dystonia spreads to the upper limbs over tim...
Dystonia can be the manifesting neurological sign of many disorders, either in isolation (isolated dystonia) or with additional signs (combined dystonia). The main focus of this Primer is forms of isolated dystonia of idiopathic or genetic aetiology. These disorders differ in manifestations and ...
Signs and symptoms Tardive dystonia is insidious in its development, often presenting first as a focal dystonia that becomes increasingly widespread over a period of months to years. Dystonia typically presents as repetitive or patterned movements that appear twisting or tremulous and are worsened with...
These findings support the need for a holistic approach to the rehabilitation of dystonia, where assessment and treatments involve non-motor signs and symptoms, and not just the dystonic body part. Most studies have investigated Cervical Dystonia, and in this population, it is evident there is ...
Dystonia can begin at nearly any age. Initial signs have occurred as early as 9 months and as late as 85 years. In general, onset has a bimodal distribution, with peaks at ages 8 and 42 years. As can be seen inTable 57.2, patients are partly categorized according to symptom distribution...
There are no obvious signs at this stage and people are able to function independently. Very Mild Impairment Symptoms at this stage are slight and seem to appear as forgetfulness associated with aging. Mild Impairment Patients are still able to do daily routine and tasks. Symptoms include the fo...
Associated signs, the mode of presentation of dystonic symptoms, and responsiveness to drugs and alcohol are used for further classification of different forms of primary dystonias. Molecular genetic findings have now clearly demonstrated that clinical classifications are only of limited value. Thus, ...