The term shared decision making (SDM) was first defined by the US President’s Commission for the Study of Ethical Research in a 1983 report focused on informed consent [21]. The report criticised the traditional medical model for informed consent as viewing communication primarily about the givin...
A 6-point scale (“0” meaning not at all, “1” meaning very weak, and “5” meaning very strong) was used to measure the intensity of perceived viscosity, starch flavor, and characteristics of each beverage, such as cloudiness and goso (nutty) flavor for red bean water, orange flavor...
1 Curtin School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia 2 Department Special Needs Education, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway 3 Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA Leiden, ...