Chinese people have highly valued equilibrium and harmony since ancient times [74,75]. Confucianism directs people not to pursue a perfect scientific model for “absolutely” resolving contradictions or conflicts [76,77]. For social services staff, keeping their resignation at a personal level enable...
The definition of perfection is stronger. Suppose that some agent had reneged in the past, so that at t the state does not lie on the reference trajectory. Perfection requires that the continuation of the reference strategies be equilibrium strategies in the game which begins at t with the ini...
Dynamic aging is a practical, systemic, and proactive approach for getting older in today’s extremely complex and rapidly changing world. It applies the latest research and practices from multiple scientific disciplines – gerontology, positive psychology, neuroscience, sociology, cognitive psychology, ph...
Definition2is similar to the one given by Kollock [35, p. 184], who defines a social dilemma as a game having “at least one deficient equilibrium.” It is clear that in the harmony game the unique ESS is\(x = 1\)and thus coincides with the social optimum. Hence, the harmony game...
We acknowledge that the notion of appraisal as quick, primitive and automatic may appear controversial. However, we endorse here a rather ‘broad’ definition of appraisal, as proposed by a number of contemporary emotion theories: “appraisal is a process that takes a stimulus as its input and ...
Therefore, the first equilibrium point of the improved SEIR model when no hot events are spread is 𝐶0=(1, 0, 0, 0, 0)C0=(1, 0, 0, 0, 0). When 𝑅0>1, R0>1, there will be a unique non-zero equilibrium point of the model: 𝐶*C* = (𝑠*,𝑖*,𝑒*,𝑟*s*,i...
Information entropy is a physical quantity used to measure the complexity and equilibrium of a system, and it is introduced into the study of land-use landscape patterns to establish the landscape flocculence equation. 𝑾=−∑𝒊=𝟏𝒏𝑿𝒊𝑳𝑵(𝑿𝒊)W=−∑i=1nXiLN(Xi) (...
4.1.3. Static Equilibrium Analysis of the System From the static game analysis above, it can be concluded that the evolution strategies of local governments and enterprises are different under different initial conditions. Since equilibrium analysis under other conditions is relatively simple, this secti...