In this context, first a general definition of a hierarchical equilibrium solution is given, which also accounts for nonunique responses of the players who are not at the top of the hierarchy. Then, a general theorem is proven which provides a set of sufficient conditions for a triple of ...
Section 8 presents a stochastic dynamic general equilibrium extension of DICE, a basic model of interactions between climate and the economy. Previous analyses have been limited by computational tools to examine only deterministic models of global climate change. Section 8 shows that we can now ...
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Animal performance fundamentally influences behaviour, ecology, and evolution. It typically varies monotonously with size. A notable exception is maximum running speed; the fastest animals are of intermediate size. Here we show that this peculiar allometry results from the competition between two musculosk...
Also in ecosystems, agents compete for scarce resources, but in a cooperative way. The equilibrium is characterized by the complementarities and substitutional interrelations among the economic agents—and will be distorted when only one economic agent survives. Among the various definitions of ecosystems...
(amino acids, soluble sugars, and polyols) in a saline environment to reduce osmotic stress, and maintain high turgor pressure and cytoplasmic ion equilibrium. To reduce water stress in plants HT-PGPR upregulates the osmolyte biosynthesis genes (mainly proline), and controls stomatal conductance ...
The flexibility of flap regions which is vulnerable to mutation controls the equilibrium among the three functional conformations: mutations in HIV-1 PR can make the flaps more flexible and destabilize closed conformation, which might increase the opening rate of flaps and thus release the ...
Lewis 15.1 Introduction 331 15.2 Two-Player Games and Integral Reinforcement Learning 333 15.2.1 Two-Player Nonzero-Sum Games and Nash Equilibrium 333 15.2.2 Integral Reinforcement Learning for Two-Player Nonzero-Sum Games 收藏 分享 赏 0
Definition noun Asystemin a steady state since forward reaction and backward reaction occur at the same rate. Supplement In a dynamic equilibrium, the rate of loss is equal to the rate of gain. Dynamic equilibrium is applied in thermodynamics for systems involving reversible reactions. ...
Dynamic Equilibrium Definition Physics In other terms, dynamic equilibrium Physics is the state of equilibrium in which the net external force and the torque acting on the body moving with a constantvelocityis zero. For example, Imagine a jet flying through the sky when there is absolutely no ai...