Currently, Spain surpasses Europe’s average electricity consumption in buildings—50 percent of the total consumed energy in buildings is electricity compared to the EU’s average of about 30 percent.23 A new EU emissions trading system—ETS2—was created to address th...
The fossil intensity, electricity intensity, and production effects played an important role in the increase in emissions during the first half of the period, and particularly from 1999 to 2005. In contrast, the carbonization and fossil intensity effects were the dominant drivers of emissions ...
Finally, a life cycle assessment comparing the footprint of FAEE from grapeseed oil to biodiesel from palm oil (which has currently around 70% of the market share in Spain), has proved a significant reduction of CO2 emissions, resulting in 24.9 g CO2 equivalent per MJ of FAEE38. This ...
In Spain you drive on the right side of the road. When you overtake you overtake to the left side although some cars do overtake on the inside on motorways. Cars coming from your right have the right of way. Cars that are already on a roundabout have the right of way. When driving ...
Zona de Bajas Emisiones in Spain Vehicle emissions are classified in Europe by Euro Standards, which determine and categorise a vehicle’s emmissions to determine it’s pollutant levels. Before you travel into a low emission zone, you first need to find out if your vehicle is affected – this...
The coldspot areas are mainly located in the southern and western mountainous areas, and the degree of aggregation is decreasing year by year. (3) The level of urbanization, economic development and population size are the main driving factors of the spatial variation of carbon emissions, while ...
At this Conference, 73 nations (including Spain) have committed to become carbon neutral by 2050 [4]. The agreement calls for an increase in the ambition of climate change commitments, following the timetable set out in the Paris Agreement, which aimed to reduce GHG emissions by at least 40...
France has introduced clean air windscreen stickers as a legal requirement in many of its cities and their peripheries, to identify a vehicle’s emissions levels and to restrict access in order to improve air quality. This six-category clean air sticker system is designed to identify what emiss...
the events in the late Pliensbachian, have not been well constrained. Scenarios of the driving mechanism of biotic and environmental changes of the late Pliensbachian have ranged from LIP volcanism (the Karoo-Ferrar LIP), ocean stagnation, and changing ocean circulation, to orbital forcing. The...
mostly studied emissions reductionemissions) Fayazi and Vahidi (2017)Eb, real vehicle interacting with microsimulation+20 real vehicle: 2011 Honda Accord 2.4 L enginefor custom microsimulation written in JAVAreal 12 laps, 1.6 km track, single virtual intersectionvehicle ...