Induced drag refers to the drag on a streamlined wing caused by the dissipation of energy in the thin turbulent wake, which is an important component of the total drag experienced by the wing. AI generated definition based on: Fluid Mechanics (Second Edition), 1987 ...
Although devised for bodies-of-revolution, the expressions for the FF below are also applicable to bodies that feature noncircular cross sections (see Figure 16-46). For instance, a cross section might be shaped like an egg, or be box-shaped. Such shapes are treated based on their maximum ...
Different from the Di Felice model, the Ganser [24] model calculates the particle Reynolds number based on the equivalent volume particle size and introduces the Stokes’ shape factor and Newton’s shape factor to calculate the drag coefficient. The expressions of the Stokes’ shape factor and Ne...
Establishing the correct lift and drag expressions is very critical in the accurate prediction of samara performance, particularly since the samara rotational speed is greatly affected by the aerodynamic torque balance acting on it, which is in turn influenced by the generated lift and drag forces. ...
The table below summarizes the expressions used to compute each force. Note: In this example, the drag force is in they-direction. You may need to change the projection direction based on the orientation of your model. Correction for Angle of Attack ...
Substituting this into Eq. (1.103) and equating the result to Eq. (1.102) (i.e., equating the two expressions for the thrust), we get (1.108)12ρS(Vs2−V2)=ρSV0(Vs−V) Dividing this by ρS(Vs−V) and rearranging terms, we get (1.109)V0=12(Vs+V) This shows that...
In the UK system the temperature is in °R and the viscosity can be found from the following expressions [7]: (16-20)μ=3.170×10-11T1.5(734.7T+216)lbf·s/ft2 In the SI system the temperature is in K and the viscosity can be found from: (16-21)μ=1.458×10-6T1.5(1T+11...
[6] developed a closure drag model for a single spherical particle translating through constant viscosity elastic fluids described by the Oldroyd-B constitutive equation. However, due to strong interaction of elasticity (e.g., high Weissenberg number) and kinematic parameters (shear thinning and ...