CW Doppler systems use two transducers, one of which emits while the other receives ultrasound continuously (Fig. 21-1). Although this simple system is easily applicable for the detection of a broad range of alterations in flow velocity, including the high blood flow velocities associated with se...
Supplementary Fig.5). We emphasize that these photocenters are only “observed” values when computed from the observed Doppler images (shown as blue dots in Fig.4b), while the values from the interpolated images in the Supplementary Movie6for the times when the star...
The spectral Doppler shows the blood-flow velocities, the direction of the flow, the timing of the cardiac events and the intensity of the flow. The PWD can also provide blood-flow information from a particular location in the heart or the great vessels. PWD represents the best choice to pr...
Serial CFR examination after PTCA may be also feasible in mid- and long-term follow-up to monitor restenosis [37,38]. The decrease of CFR <2 during follow-up was proposed as a sensitive and specific predictor of restenosis [37,38]. This method may be complementary to exercise test, or ...
The spectrogram reflects the different methodology explained in Section 4. The cooperating target has run 30 m for approximately 15 s with an average speed of 2 m/s. The acceleration and deceleration of the monitored target are well outlined by the green-orange pattern related to the torso’s...
The spectrogram reflects the different methodology explained in Section 4. The cooperating target has run 30 m for approximately 15 s with an average speed of 2 m/s. The acceleration and deceleration of the monitored target are well outlined by the green-orange pattern related to the torso’s...
This is explained by unrealistically narrow azimuth distribution with all the wave energy coming in the same direction, 𝜙waϕwa. In the 2D case, the real azimuthal distribution was accounted for, to enable a better DC simulation. At small incidence angles, the range DC as well as its ...
The principle of Doppler reflectometry in the toroidal plasma measurements is explained simply as follows. When a probing microwave/millimeter-wave beam is injected into a plasma and approaches a cut-off layer with an oblique angle to the cut-off surface, a back-scattering occurs, caused by the...
The results obtained experimentally are in good agreement with preliminary numerical simulations, and the image degradation is explained by the different values of the pitch in the y direction. By using the presented 4-D US platform, the power Doppler technique was exploited to detect moving ...
For the Chi-square test, precipitation and each radar are divided into 30 intervals equally, as shown in Table 3. Therefore, all the radar pixels in a sample can be classified into 900 bins according to their radar reflectivity and corresponding rain intensity. 𝑛𝑖,𝑗ni,j is defined ...