Dopamine has a significant role in motor and cognitive function. The dopaminergic pathways originating from the midbrain have received the most attention; however, the relevance of the cerebellar dopaminergic system is largely undiscovered. Here, we show
The dopa- minergic pathways originating from the midbrain have received the most attention; however, the relevance of the cerebellar dopaminergic system is largely undiscovered. Here, we show that the major cerebellar astrocyte type Bergmann glial cells express D1 receptors. Dopamine can be ...
Figure 6.3.Dopamine neurons and major pathways in the rat brain.NAcc, nucleus accumbens. Two types of DA receptors (D1and D2) were originally distinguished by pharmacological and biochemical techniques. Further subtypes (D1–D5) have been revealed by gene cloning. The distribution and function...
The monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems constitute the primary reward pathways in the human brain. Monoamines can be further divided into catecholamines (dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine) and serotonin. Dopamine is synthesized from tyrosine which plays an important role in regulating emotional ...
Schematic diagram of monocyte TREM-1-mediated dopaminergic neuron damage. The figure illustrates that in experimental MPTP-induced PD model mice, the number of inflammatory monocytes in the peripheral blood increases, after which the monocytes infiltrate the CNS through the Blood-Brain Barrier(BBB). ...
It was found that the DREADD activation of VTA neurons involved in mesolimbic or mesocortical pathways, respectively, induced significant BOLD responses in DREADD-expressing regions and in the neural circuit without DREADD expression, such as Amygdala, NAcc, mPFC, ventral Pallidum (VP), TH and ...
The presence of functional IRS2/PI3K/Akt and Janus kinase (Jak)/STAT3 signalling pathways in DA system12,13 led us to hypothesize that FoxO1 in the DA neurons might play a critical role in regulating food intake and metabolic homoeostasis. In the present study, we investigated the functional...
As mentioned above, mDA neurons are the main source of DA projections in the mammalian brain, and their early differentiation, in addition to maturation, could be critical for normal DA neurotransmission in the mesocorticolimbic and nigrostriatal pathways. Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) offer a ...
Disturbed sensorimotor pathways of the basal ganglia and cerebellum are thought to play a central part in dystonia pathophysiology (Schirinzi et al., 2019). Dystonia studies have delivered direct evidence for a close interaction and possible combined dysfunction of the cerebellum and the basal ganglia...
ranging from mild and restricted skin involvement to life-threatening vital organ impairment1. The mechanisms underlying immune dysfunction in SLE are complex and involve multiple molecular pathways2. Significant advances in the understanding of SLE pathogenesis over the last decade have highlighted that ...