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Item: The basic component of a test, often colloquially referred to as a “question,” but items are not necessary phrased as a question. They can be as varied as true/false statements, rating scales, and performance task simulations, in addition to the ubiquitous multiple-choice item. Item ...
“contributary moderator”, enhancing the effects of pornography exposure frequency, in addition to being a stand-alone predictor). Erroneous sexual beliefs were assessed via eight true/false items written to reflect recurrent, but erroneous, messages about sex featured in mainstream pornography. ...
In addition, Campitelli and Labollita (2010) [10] proposed that cognitive reflection is not only an ability or disposition to veto a prepotent response but also an ability or disposition to initiate cognitive processes. This ability should not considered a general cognitive ability (e.g., ...
In addition to being an index to measure volatility, traders can also trade VIX futures, options, and ETFs to hedge or speculate on volatility changes in the index. In general, volatility can be measured using two different methods. The first method is based on historical volatility, using sta...
For the permutation test, I calculated mean differences between “frequent clients” and “occasional or non-clients” groups of universities. I then contrasted it against a probability density function generated from mean differences of 10,000 permutations within the same sample. In each permutation,...
Irradiation of food for the purposes of extension of shelf life, control of microbial load, reduction of pathogenic microorganisms and disinfection is regarded by many consumers with suspicion. One reason is the lack of methods within food-controlling laboratories which can detect irradiation treatment ...
in that both provide an indication of the likelihood that the automation is correct. However, the concepts should be distinguished. Although environmental uncertainty information instils doubt about environmental factors that the automation incorporates (inputs), it does not provide probability values ...
in contrast to other alternatives, is that we are able to simultaneously model data with common trends, seasonality, non-stationarity, and, particularly, high auto-correlation, as is the case of \(Y_t\), and which no other method is able to do in the time-invariant or fixed treatment se...
This study aims to evaluate the effect of efficiency and banking market structure on bank performance in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Th