Deep etching with electrochemical metal etching employs direct current (DC) to remove metal ions, allowing for the creation of parts and components with etching depths ranging from 0.001 to 0.003 inches (0.00254 to 0.00762 cm) or greater. This process uses pulsating power and may require multiple ...
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Laser pumping in Nd-YAG lasers is accomplished using krypton flashlamps or laser diodes. This pumping process excites the Nd ions to higher energy levels. After a brief period, these excited Nd ions transition to a lower, more stable state without emitting photons. This excitation process continu...