1.Hydroquinone: a medical-grade skin lightening agent (~4-8%) reduces tyrosinase activity, an enzyme involved in the production of new melanin (i.e., pigment). It is more effective than other brightening ingredients such as kojic acid, glycolic acid, and azelaic acid. 2.Retinoids: prescripti...
The American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) recommends the following treatments for dark spots in skin of color: 2% hydroquinone. azelaic acid. glycolic acid. kojic acid. retinoids, such as retinol, tretinoin, adapalene gel, or tazarotene. vitamin C. How can I remove dark spots from my face na...