As a first step, I study whether the policy was successful in broadening the tax base. Any (mechanical) increase in the tax base due to ghost building registration could, in principle, be circumvented by adjustments in other margins, such as labor supply responses, or other avoidance or evas...
In the second phase, firms determine output according to actual market demand (price) to maximize immediate profits. Besides, the goal of local governments is to maximize tax revenue. Therefore, with given tax rate, the subsidy intensity of local governments is determined by their tax-sharing ...
managers could regard the stakeholders’ attention to green as a market opportunity. To the extent that managers improve the governance of internal environmental issues by allocating more attention to environmental responsibility in response to consumers’ demand for environmental protection and investors’ ...
employment pressure is inversely proportional to labor demand, fewer jobs in the job market means a worse economic environment and less labor demand, when job seekers face greater employment pressure. From the internal factors, changes in the market environment affect the possibility of job opportuniti...
The gap between housing supply and demand has driven up prices to the point where the poorest simply can no longer afford housing without public support. Additional affordable housing stock must be built. Particularly stock that is affordable for extremely low-income households (ELI...
This is an industry which was already seeing strong demand and supply pressures. What does this mean for chip manufacturers, are there alternative sources, and how quickly can these be replaced? Robert Ledger, Emerging Markets Analyst “It’s actually quite unclear what the other sources o...
As urbanization accelerates, energy demand and consumption face a corresponding increase in urban areas. However, the uneven distribution of energy between urban and rural areas could lead to some impoverished regions or populations being unable to access sufficient energy services [93]. 5.2. ...
Such a lack of full information clearly has the potential to affect economic behaviour. To date, the number of studies on the effects on labour supply of information about precise tax incentives has been quite small. This general lack of studies is likely a consequence of how difficult it is...
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Since 2009, China has emerged as a major source of spillover effects as well. This is because Chinese manufacturers have driven much of the globalcommoditydemand growth since 2000. With China becoming the number two economy in the world after the U.S., the number of countries that experience...