As a catabolic and glucoregulatory hormone, downstream cortisol is secreted in response to physical stress and other challenges to body homeostasis [91]. In turn, the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis controls metabolic hormones that play a key role in regulating musculoskeletal health and function...
Article Google Scholar Stuck AE, Minder CE, Frey FJ (1989) Risk of infectious complications in patients taking Glucocorticosteroids. Clin Infect Dis 11(6):954–963. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/11.6.954 Article CAS Google Scholar Singh H, Nugent Z, Yu BN, Lix LM, Targownik LE,...
Article CAS Google Scholar Kluth O, Mirhashemi F, Scherneck S, Kaiser D, Kluge R, Neschen S et al. Dissociation of lipotoxicity and glucotoxicity in a mouse model of obesity associated diabetes: role of forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) in glucose-induced beta cell failure. Diabetologia 2011; 54...
Plasma glucose was measured using a One-Touch FastTake glucometer (Lifescan). For glucose tolerance tests (GTTs), mice were injected intraperitoneally with 1.75 g/kg glucose following a 6 h fast. For insulin tolerance tests (ITTs), mice were injected intraperitoneally with regular human insulin...
Fed and fasted blood samples were collected from mice via tail vein or trunk bleeds using a capillary blood collection system (Sarstedt, Nümbrecht) and blood glucose was measured using a Contour glucometer (Bayer Corp). Fasted blood samples were collected after a 16 h overnight fast. Plasma...
Dexamethasone is a glucocorticosteroid that is commonly used clinically to control inflammation, which it does by using a combination of transactivation (increased gene transcription) and transrepression, which is a result of direct binding to NF-ĸB, leading to its inactivation [168]. The applica...
Article Google Scholar Davidson ZE, Walker KZ, Truby H. Clinical review: Do glucocorticosteroids alter vitamin D status? A systematic review with meta-analyses of observational studies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97(3):738–44. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-2757. Article CAS PubMed ...
addressed the role autophagy may play in Tat-induced apoptosis, although two Tat studies used serum deprivation as a means to initiate apoptosis [14,15]. During starvation, autophagy contributes to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis by maintaining an amino acid reserve for glucogenesis and for...
injection of glucose (2 mg/g body weight, d-glucose Sigma, UK) or insulin (0.75 U/kg body weight, Humulin R, Eli Lilly), and blood glucose levels measured at 0-, 15-, 30-, 60- and 90-min post-injection using an AlphaTrak glucometer (Berkshire, UK). 2.3. Tissue preparation Three...
Blood was sampled from the tail to measure glucose levels with a glucometer (Onetouch®Ultra®2, Milpitas, CA, USA) and insulin levels by ELISA (Crystal Chem Inc, cat#90080, Elk Grove Village, IL, USA). Glucose was injected (2 g/kg lean mass, intraperitoneal) and blood glucose ...