b). (1) Enterprise scale (Size) is measured as the natural logarithm of the total enterprise assets. (2) Enterprise debt (Lev) is the ratio of total liabilities to total assets. (
These include Access Bank Plc, Fidelity Bank Plc, First Bank Nigeria Plc, First City Monument Bank Plc, United Bank of Africa Plc, Guaranty Trust Bank Plc, and Zenith Bank Plc. Variables definitions and measurement To account for the heterogeneity of the DMBs in Nigeria, the study used ROA...
Market value is also dependent on numerous other factors, such as the sector in which the company operates, its profitability,debt load, and the broad market environment. For example, Company X and Company B may both have $100 million in annual sales, but if X is a fast-growing technology...
When you apply for a construction loan, you must include financial documentation and a proposed plan for the project. McCafferty said that most of his clients use theirnon-retirement savingsandcash reservesto pay for the loan's upfront expenses. likeclosing costsandlender fees. Once approved, y...
(\(\:FIN\)) to measure the financial investment by non-financial firms. Here, financial assets include transactional financial assets, derivative financial assets, loans issued and advances, financial assets available for sale, hold-to-maturity investments, and investments in real estate (see Table...
In addition, future examinations should include other sectors and factors, such as capital structure, environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria, managerial ability, and real earnings management, which are noteworthy features of firms' policies and strategies....
When it comes to keeping accounting records, this information can include debts the company is owed, all goods bought and sold and all money received and spent by the company. If necessary, you can hire a professional, such as anaccountant, to help with your tax records. ...
Her main research interests include enterprise-wide risk management, financial risk management and other issues in risk management. She actively involved in teaching and supervising PhD students in the area of risk management and insurance. Zahiruddin Ghazali obtained his PhD from Universiti Sains ...
If you actually were to buy a company outright, however, things get more complicated. It would require you to factor in a company’s total debt, cash and cash equivalents, as well as market cap, in order to calculate its enterprise value (EV). ...
Studies on callable debt have typically examined the factors that influence the decision to include a fixed price call provision or none at all. That is because prior to 1995, public issues including make whole call provisions had yet to be offered. Here we employ a different approach made po...