Phenotypic methods for bacteria include dilution and disc-diffusion methods, and real-time PCR has been used for fastidious bacteria that can only be grown in tissue culture62–64. FCM has proved to be very useful in studying the physiological effects of antimicrobial agents on bacterial cells. ...
Explain why the electric flux through a closed surface with a given enclosed charge is independent of the size or shape of the surface. Why does the charge on the capacitor eventually stop changing? a. Why must the thermal equilibrium g...
4.3.2.2. Copper balls are used in this experiment mainly because of the high thermal conductivity of copper. The temperature reaches the equilibrium state quickly and its price is moderate. There are three main ways of heat transfer: heat conduction, convection, and heat radiation. Here, in ord...
Superficially, crystalline DNA complexes may seem incompatible with the need for RNAP holoenzyme to diffuse to its promoter, but lattice diffusion occurs in many solid systems via crystal vacancies (e.g., a substitutional alloy formed between two metals). Furthermore, our single-molecule experiments...
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The empirical results show that after the opening of an HSR, the parent company’s off-site investment in another city increases significantly, producing a financial “diffusion effect”. Chu and Fang found that non-relationship banks and off-site banks benefit more from the opening of an HSR,...
Dynamic Incentives of Environmental Regulations: The Effects of Alternative Policy Instruments on Technology Diffusion. J. Environ. Econ. Manag. 1995, 29, S43–S63. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] Ambec, S.; Cohen, M.A.; Elgie, S.; Lanoie, P. The Porter Hypothesis at 20: Can Environmental...
Severe changes in the compound structure on the crystallographic level can obstruct a reaction due to the formation of a particle covering layer blocking any further diffusion of the reactive gas. Sometimes the reaction conditions can be tuned to crack this protective layer to achieve reaction ...