半导体材料的电性特征介于导体材料(如金属,金属合金)与绝缘体(陶瓷材料和聚合材料)之间。Semiconductors have electrical properties that are intermediate between the electrical conductors(viz. metals and metal alloys) and insulators(viz .ceramics and polymers). ...
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thermoset polymers. They can be shaped by reheating, are easier to recycle, and have superior impact properties and energy absorption because of their high toughness [8,13]. Superior impact damage resistance makes thermo- plastics excellent structural materials for mass transit sys- ...
Withtheknowledgeofvarioustypesofcomposites,andthefactors(constituents,theirrelativeamounts,geometry&distribution)thataffecttheirperformance(properties),wecandesignmaterialswithdesiredproperties.Thesedesiredpropertiesarebetterthanthoseofavailablematerials,metals,polymersandceramics. ...
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Thus we can say that LEFM applies if the crack length is much larger than L, whilst if the crack is much smaller than L it will have no effect on strength. Ex- actly the same behaviour is displayed by fatigue cracks in metals (Fig. 1b). Fig. 1c shows that size effects ...