Yes, all bacteria have plasmids. Plasmids are a small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule that naturally exist in all bacterial cells. Every bacterial cell has its own plasmid which is separated from chromosomal DNA. These plasmids have the ability to replicate independently and are transferred...
Do bacteria have genes for genetic exchange? The idea that the bacterial processes that cause genetic exchange exist because of natural selection for this process is shared by almost all microbiologists and population geneticists. However, this assumption has been perpetuated by generations of biology,...
Cells have evolved elaborate mechanisms to scavenge for sufficient metal atoms to meet their needs and to adjust their needs to match supply. Metal sensors, transporters and stores have often been discovered as metal-resistance determinants, but it is emerging that they perform a broader role in ...
If DNA in all cells is identical, how can a kidney cell be different (do a different job) from a thyroid cell? How are chromatin, chromosomes, and DNA related? How do the different DNA nucleotides pair during DNA replication? Do all cells have DNA? Explain how DNA forms chromosomes...
We have shown that the endonucleas... LA Gilbert,MA Horlbeck,J Villalta,... - 《Cancer Research》 被引量: 0发表: 2016年 Organellar genes: why do they end up in the nucleus? Many mitochondrial and plastid proteins are derived from their bacterial endosymbiotic ancestors, but their genes...
How do bacterial cells make ATP? Bacteria: Bacteria are a class of organisms that are prokaryotes. These organisms do not have complex organelles, and do not have a nucleus. Bacteria cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells. Answer and Explanation: ...
Bacterial Physiological PhenomenaProtein metal-coordination sites are richly varied and exquisitely attuned to their inorganic partners, yet many metalloproteins still select the wrong metals when presented with mixtures of elements. Cells have evolved elaborate mechanisms to scavenge for sufficient metal ...
We propose that, in the absence of other signals, B cells have poor uptake and responses to long dsDNA to prevent polyclonal activation. Conversely, when DNA is physically linked to a B-cell receptor (BCR) ligand, its uptake is increased, allowing TLR9-dependent B-cell activation in an ...
They are so common that there areabout as many bacterial cellsas human cells in your body. Their diversity is also stunning. Recent estimates found that there areover one billiondifferent types of bacterial species. Even though bacteria may seem wildly different than humans, we all do have at...
B cells do not take up bacterial DNA: an essential role for antigen in exposure of DNA to Toll-like receptor-9. Immunol. Cell Biol. 89: 517- 525.Roberts TL, Turner ML, Dunn JA, Lenert P, Ross IL, Sweet MJ, et al. B cells do not take up bacterial DNA: an essential role for ...