●基本概念●转录起始:RNA聚合酶、启动子●转录的基本过程●转录后加工●原核生物与真核生物mRNA的特征比较●RNA合成与DNA合成异同点 思考题?一、基本概念与基本特征 转录(transcription):基因转录是在细胞核内进行的。它是指以DNA的一条链为模板,按照碱基互补配对原则,合成RNA的过程。转录 DNA RNA 参与转录
【13】The first step of transcription is called pre-initiation. RNA polymerase andcofactors(general transcription factors) bind to DNA and unwind it, creating aninitiation bubble. 转录的第一步称为预启动。RNA 聚合酶和辅助因子(一般转录因...
Gene Expression I (Transcription and RNA Processing): How Is Information Transferred from DNA to RNA?As we have learned, genes are sections of DNA that contain information, information which is ultimately expressed through the processes of transcription and translation. Although genes are sections of...
转录(transcription)是指以DNA为模板,合成RNA的过程。真核生物储存遗传信息的DNA位于细胞核内,要指导合成蛋白质,首先必须把它的碱基序列抄录成RNA的碱基序列,然后,RNA穿过核膜,进入胞液中,作为蛋白质合成的模板,才能把遗传信息传递到核外。因为转录和复制都是在DNA指导下的核苷酸聚合过程,两者之间有许多相同之处。但...
DNA并非赤裸裸地存在,它被一层由复杂蛋白质(proteins)和核糖核酸(RNA)组成的“染色质”(chromatin)凝胶紧密包裹。在这片分子丛林中,只有极少数“特权”蛋白质能够真正“零距离”触及DNA,并直接参与到基因的开启、关闭以及细胞命运的决定...
以DNA为模板,在RNA聚合酶作用下合成RNA的过程 promoter启动子(promoter): 与基因转录启动有关的特定保守序列;启动子本身不被转录 transcription factor反式作用因子 又称调节蛋白(DNA结合蛋白DBP,或转录因子TF) 基本转录因子:是RNA聚合酶结合启动子所必需的一组蛋白因子,决定三种RNA(mRNA、tRNA及rRNA)转录的类别。 特...
DNA并非赤裸裸地存在,它被一层由复杂蛋白质(proteins)和核糖核酸(RNA)组成的“染色质”(chromatin)凝胶紧密包裹。在这片分子丛林中,只有极少数“特权”蛋白质能够真正“零距离”触及DNA,并直接参与到基因的开启、关闭以及细胞命运的决定中。 然而,长期以来,要精准捕捉这些DNA的“亲密伴侣”,并揭示它们是如何与生命密...
RNA polymerase binds to the promoter. This signals the DNA to unwind. The enzyme is now ready to make mRNA Elongation: Nucleotides are added to the mRNA strand Remember: thymine only occurs in DNA, and uracil only occurs in RNA! Termination: Transcription ends when RNA polymerase encounters ...
The cellular location of transcription, RNA processing, and translation. DNA is located in the nucleus and therefore transcription occurs in the nucleus. The precursor mRNA also undergoes RNA processing before departing the nucleus through a nuclear pore. In the cytosol, a ribosome binds to the ...
DNA并非赤裸裸地存在,它被一层由复杂蛋白质(proteins)和核糖核酸(RNA)组成的“染色质”(chromatin)凝胶紧密包裹。在这片分子丛林中,只有极少数“特权”蛋白质能够真正“零距离”触及DNA,并直接参与到基因的开启、关闭以及细胞命运的决定中。 然而,长期以来,要精准捕捉这些DNA的“亲密伴侣”,并揭示它们是如何与生命密...