Which of the following non-covalent interactions is the most important in maintaining the structure of the double helix? A. Ionic interactions B. Hydrogen Bonds C. Phosphodiester bonds D. Pi stacking interactions E. L...
Repetitive DNA sequences playing critical roles in driving evolution, inducing variation, and regulating gene expression. In this review, we summarized the definition, arrangement, and structural characteristics of repeats. Besides, we introduced diverse
Telomeres are essential nucleoprotein structures that protect chromosome ends. In mammals, telomeres are composed of TTAGGG repeats, which are bound by a protein complex termed shelterin. Cell divisions lead to the progressive erosion of telomeric repeats. When telomeres become too short to recruit the...
5. Cavendish Laboratory The Cavendish Laboratory has had an important influence on biology, mainly through the application of X-ray crystallography to the study of structures of biological molecules. Francis Crick already worked in the Medical Resea
Recent focus has also been on the role of the interneuronal perineuronal nets (PNNs) in the stabilization of memory circuits through tightened control of inhibitory inputs to dedicated neuronal assemblies14. Here we explored whether an overarching process could integrate stimulus-dependent and pre-...
Heretofore, it has been unclear how diverse stimuli, referred to as NLRP3 activators, which include adenosine triphosphate (ATP), pore-forming toxins, and different microcrystals (Broz and Dixit, 2016; Latz et al., 2013), trigger the abrupt priming-to-activation transition. Mitochondria are key...
Primary liver cancer has significant intratumor genetic heterogeneity (IGH), which drives cancer evolution and prevents effective cancer treatment. CRISPR/Cas9-induced mouse liver cancer models can be used to elucidate how IGH is developed. However, as C
Because RNAs are more often single strands rather than double helices (the common form of DNA), they fold back on themselves in intricate structures which contain many loops and knots; in addition, RNA can catalyze self-cleavage and self-ligation reactions which can and do alter topology even ...
Figure 1: A single nucleotide contains a nitrogenous base (red), a deoxyribose sugar molecule (gray), and a phosphate group attached to the 5' side of the sugar (indicated by light gray). Opposite to the 5' side of the sugar molecule is the 3' side (dark gray), which has a free ...
Enlarged nucleoids arise from mtDNA experiencing replication stress, which causes nucleoid clustering via a block in mitochondrial fission at a stage when endoplasmic reticulum actin polymerization would normally commence, defining a fission checkpoint that ensures mtDNA has completed replication and is ...