Human papilloma virus (HPV) refers to a group of more than 150 related viruses that cause warts (papillomas) on different parts of the body including the hands, feet, genitals, or anus. It is one of the most common STDs and although most HPV infections self-resolve, some types can ...
years of divergent mammalian evolution that separate rodents, carnivores, herbivores and primates including humans. This argues that in the context of CNS disorders, that shaped glial responses during evolution, such as responses to microbial infections and traumatic injury, astrocyte reactivity exerts ess...
The pulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 have been well described in the literature. Two similar human coronaviruses that cause Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-1) are known to cause disease in the central and peripheral nervous systems. ...
Neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid analyses in humans reveal that loss of blood–brain barrier integrity and brain capillary pericyte damage are early biomarkers of cognitive impairment that occur independently of changes in amyloid-β and tau. Daniel A. Nation , Melanie D. Sweeney & Berislav V. ...
Genotype analysis of this strain determined that components came from an influenza virus circulating among swine herds in North America that combined with a virus circulating among ill swine in Eurasia, creating a new influenza strain capable of causing disease in humans. Because this virus had not...
Vectors are lifeforms that act as a medium for transmitting infectious germs from animals to humans — and in some cases, between humans. These organisms first get infected by the disease-causing pathogens, and once infected, they can transmit the pathogen to humans throughout their life whenever...
A unique characteristic of mitochondria is the presence of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that in humans is a circular molecule of 16.5 kb including 37 genes encoding 2 rRNA and 22 tRNA for the translation of mitochondrial proteins and 13 OXPHOS complex subunits [2]. mtDNA copies increase during the...
Canine distemper is the most common cause of seizures in dogs less than 6 months of age. Dogs with extensive neurologic involvement often have residual clinical deficits, including flexor spasm and olfactory dysfunction. CDV has also been associated with two forms of chronic encephalitis in mature ...
The latter two are also substrates in the synthesis of Dolichyl-phosphate-mannose (Dol-P-Man) and Dol-P-Glc. ● The biosynthesis of UDP-GlcNAc is initiated from fruc- tose-6-phosphate. In humans no disorder has yet been described due to mutations affecting UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis (Fig. 2...
Humans are born with and form a large community of symbiotic and pathogenic microbes, which inhabit our gut, skin, mucosal passages, and form a stable community that is resistant to external pathogens. The term “colonization resistance” was initially coined in the 1950s when Bohnhoff et al. ...