During the Industrial Revolution, particularly in Britain, cities, with their rapidly increasing populations, efficiently spread infectious diseases. As the population moved from the countryside into the cities to work in the new factories, migrants experienced over-crowding, longer working hours and a ...
Although our genes have hardly changed, our culture has been transformed almost beyond recognition during the past 10,000 years, especially since the industrial Revolution. There is increasing evidence that the resulting mismatch fosters “diseases of civilization” that together cause 75 percent of ...
The Industrial Revolution in the United States saw many needs for asbestos. Given the minerals’ resistance to heat and flame, asbestos fibers added to insulation and other products used in steam locomotives, automobiles, commercial and residential buildings, and more. The flexible characteristics of...
In addition to social or ecological tipping points, thresholds can be caused through an interaction of both. A minor example of an eco-social phenomenon on a small scale is when a crowd watching a sporting event runs for shelter during a sudden rainstorm. Individuals react not only to the ra...
and DNA methylation. The epigenome is particularly susceptible to dysregulation during gestation, neonatal development, puberty, and old age. Nevertheless, it is most vulnerable to environmental factors during embryogenesis because the DNA synthetic rate is high, and the elaborate DNA methylation patterning...
hence are becoming increasingly acid. There has been a 26% rise in ocean acidification since the beginning of the industrial revolution. Similarly important and at-risk are fresh-water bodies, which provide the equivalent of all dietary animal protein for 158 million people, particularly in poor ...
Guest edited by Delia Grace, Hung Nguyen, Jakob Zinsstag, Ian Doohoo, John McDermott, Fang Jing and Cao Bao Van An article collection inInfectious Diseases of Poverty. During the last three decades, a “Livestock Revolution” has been occurring in Southeast Asia (SEA) countries. With increasin...
1 Demographics, comorbidities, and time of day were associated with small temperature differences, which should not be considered during clinical interpretation of temperature. Within-patient variability exceeded temperature differences associated with most patient attributes. Compared with outpatients, whose ...
Stratification ensures that each fold maintains the same proportion of class labels as the original dataset, thereby preserving the distribution of classes during both training and validation phases. This prevents the model from being disproportionately trained on the majority class, which could skew ...
IBD used to be more common in Western countries during the industrial revolution but was rarely reported in Asia, Africa and Latin America for a long period [2]. In China, the first case of UC was reported in 1936 and the first case of CD was described in approximately 19503. As the ...