In addition, blood vessels participate in inflammatory processes and contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases that affect the joints, such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. This Review summarizes the current understanding of the architecture, angiogenic growth and functional properties of the ...
Wrists and hands are the most commonly affected joints, with the same joints being impacted bilaterally. It was previously established that RF is not exclusive to RA and can be present in other disorders such as Epstein–Barr virus or Parvovirus infections, as well as in 5 to 10% of the ...
OA is a complex disease that affects the whole joint. The knee is one of the joints most commonly affected by OA. The understanding of knee OA has been hampered by the lack of a sensitive tool to non-invasively assess disease severity. The ideal imaging modali...
Although rarely fatal, if not properly treated, Lyme disease can affect the joints, heart, and nervous system. Even after patients complete treatment, lingering symptoms may persist for longer than 6 months. Given the potential for serious complications, and the fact that incidence is increasing ...
Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease that causes the skin to lose its color. Smooth white patches of skin appear as the immune system destroys the skin cells that make melanin. It may also affect hair color and the hair in the inner ear. ...
The "activity" of a protein or compound refers to the effect the protein or compound has on a specific reaction, and is a measure of its ability to affect, modulate, participate in, or promote the reaction. Generally, the activity of a protein or other compound can be measured. For examp...
Lyme disease can be treated and cured with antibiotics if it is diagnosed early enough, but, if left untreated, symptoms can become more severe and can affect the heart, joints, brain and spinal cord. Lyme disease funding from the National Institutes for Health (NIH) has increased in recent...
challenging the dogma Wendy Anne Boivin1,2, Dawn Michelle Cooper1,2, Paul Ryan Hiebert1,2 and David James Granville1,2 The cytotoxic granzyme B (GrB)/perforin pathway has been traditionally viewed as a primary mechanism that is used by cytotoxic lymphocytes to eliminate allogeneic, virally inf...
Arthritis is an inflammatory disorder that affects the joints, with RA and OA being the most common types worldwide [52]. Caspase inhibitors have been investigated for potential treatment for arthritis. In a collagen-induced arthritis mice model, pralnacasan, a reversible caspase-1 inhibitor, sig...
Both large and small joints are affected. As seen in Table 2, the hips and knees are the 2 most commonly affected large joints, the metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe and the interphalangeal joints of the toes are the most common small joints affected, and the carpometacarpal ...