Dr. Ana Maria Henao-Restrepo: Well, I think the first thing I want to clarify today is that there is no virus or bacteria circulating right now that is called Disease X and is causing disease. We are preparing for the future. So we ...
Another important sub-category of infectious diseases are the zoonoses. These are common, which is biologically explained by the close genetic and environmental relationship between humans and animals causing that they may share and exchange their pathogens. Indeed the majority of pathogens known to aff...
Pathogens are: A) weakened organisms B) disease-causing organisms C) all microorganisms D) none of the above Immune System: The immune system is an essential body system that protects the body against harmful infections, thus acquiring immunity. Humans acquire...
In addition to causing the deterioration and death of citrus trees, the disease renders fruit unmarketable and also unfit for processing. The disease is caused by a gram-negative bacteria, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, and is spread by a psyllid vector, Diaphorina citri. The disease has ...
Pathogens such as fungi and bacteria differ in their ability to survive, spread and reproduce. Different strains of pathogens may differ in how aggressive they are in causing diseases. Environmental factors such as temperature, light and moisture can accentuate diseases. For example, cool, moist ...
Several sight-threatening ocular pathologies, including infectious keratitis, orbital cellulitis and endophthalmitis are caused by a wide variety of different pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, protists and viruses; co-infection is also possible. Many of the causative pathogens are universal, whereas ...
These additional functions obtained by TEs could have been naturally selected by the environment, because immune cells play a critical role in protecting the host from external pathogens such as viruses or bacteria by triggering local and systemic inflammation. Indeed, a recent study demonstrated that...
Antivirals– Antiviral drugs target viruses, which are trickier than bacteria because they are self-sufficient andunable to be artificially culturedfor research purposes. While antibiotics can treat a wide swath of pathogens, antivirals have to be targeted to specific viruses. ...
Bacteria can survive within the body but outside individual cells. Some bacteria, classified as aerobes, require oxygen for growth, while others, such as those normally found in the small intestine of healthy persons, grow only in the absence of oxygen and, therefore, are called anaerobes. Mos...
calledconidia, at the end of the filament. Other bacteria, however, do not produce any spores. The vegetative stages of most types of bacteria reproduce by simple fission. Bacteria multiply with astonishing rapidity, and their significance as pathogens stems primarily from the fact that they can ...