This process leads to aberrant protein-protein interactions and may ultimately culminate in protein aggregation. Many human diseases are now thought to be directly caused by protein misfolding and are sometimes termed proteinopathies.24, 25 Perhaps the most prominent among these are the ...
The accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leads to ER stress, resulting in activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) that aims to restore protein homeostasis. However, the UPR also plays an important pathological ro
It should be noted that although our study showed that blocking the TLR9-mediated IL-12p40 response ameliorated brainstem encephalitis caused by severe EV71 infection in a mouse model, it is likely that the IL-12p40 response plays a dual role during the infection. Therefore, future studies ...
To solve problems caused by the diseases, reliable chicken models of fatty liver disease are required. To generate chicken models of fatty liver, 7-week-old ISA female chickens were fed with a control diet (17% protein, 5.3% fat, and 1,300 mg/kg choline), a low protein and high fat ...
Fattyliver disease, caused by accumulation of cholesterol andtriglycerideswithin the liver is not associated withalcohol abuse.Fatty liverdisease is also referred to as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) andnonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH). ...
Osteoporosis is caused by bone resorption in excess of bone formation. The differentiation of osteoclasts is promoted by RANKL, a membrane-bound cytokine, as well as by inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 [45–48]. These proteins are mainly expressed in type 1 T-helper ...
The pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is causing high and rapid morbidity and mortality. Immune system response plays a crucial role in controlling and resolving the viral infection. Exogenous or endogenous...
* Frequently, changes in the extracellular environment result in aberrant protein folding in the ER. * Disruption of the functional or native shapes of proteins can result in multiple protein chains packing together, a principal feature of several neurodegenerative diseases, including those caused by ...
A multitude of factors, such as thyroid disorders, weakening of heart muscles, abnormal heart beat, protein deposition in the heart, mutations in sarcomeric proteins, and anemia, are known to contribute to CH2. Of note, CH is primarily characterized by excess protein synthesis, increased ...
A. Cortical bone loss caused by glucocorticoid excess requires RANKL production by osteocytes and is associated with reduced OPG expression in mice. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 311, E587–E593 (2016). Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Hartmann, K. et al. Molecular ...