contaminated water and disease transmission“communicable disease” and identifiable pathogenic agentswaterborne diseases and waterborne disease outbreaksmodern day globalization and infectious disease controlw
Disease acquired by drinking water contaminated at its source or in the distribution system, or by direct contact with environmental and recreational waters. Water-borne disease results from infection with pathogenic microorganisms or chemical poisoning. These pathogenic microorganisms include viruses, bacteri...
Hepatitis A is an infectious necro-inflammatory liver disease caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV). HAV transmission generally occurs via the faecal–oral route, ingestion of contaminated food and water, and direct person-to-person contact. HAV infection can be asymptomatic in some individuals, a...
We used the WHO and UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene public database to estimate population exposure to different WASH service levels. WASH-attributable undernutrition was estimated by combining the population attributable fractions (PAF) of diarrhoea caused by ...
Contaminated drinking water could lead to a number of illnesses,the WHO notes, including cholera, dysentery, hepatitis A, typhoid fever and polio — all of which have their own modes of transmission to others. If it is malaria, Gounder said she's "not overly concerned" of the outbreaks s...
What is it: A bacterial disease that humans get if they are bitten by arthropods and through direct contact with infected animals or animal materials, as well as by eating contaminated food, drinking contaminated water of inhale contaminated air. Symptoms include an ulcer at the bite site leading...
In contrast, the number of enteric disease outbreaks associated with recreational water has dramatically increased.73 Recreational water illnesses are caused by pathogens transmitted by ingesting, inhaling aerosols or by having contact with contaminated water in pools, hot tubs, interactive fountains, lakes...
Identify ways by which foods and water become contaminated with bacterial pathogens. What are the signs and symptoms of cholera? What are the major sources of waterborne infections? What are the common illnesses and infections caused by bacteria viruses fungi ...
Legionella pneumophila, the etiological agent of Legionnaires’ disease was first recognized in 1976, during an outbreak of severe pneumonia at the convention of the American Legion in Philadelphia. Since then the genus Legionella has...
Their occurrence is enhanced due to water shortages, contaminated water, and poor sanitation. Globally, diarrhoea (largely caused by poor WASH) is a leading cause of death in children under-five [11], and its constant presence in low-income settings may contribute significantly to under-nutrition...