In a recent article in this journal, Zachary Ardern criticizes our view that the most promising candidate for a naturalized criterion of disease is the "selected effects" account of biological function and dysfunction. Here we reply to Ardern's criticisms and, more generally, clarify the ...
Thyroid disease and disorders can range from a small, harmless goiter (enlarged gland) that needs no treatment, to life-threatening cancer. The most common thyroid problems involve abnormal production of thyroid hormones. Too much thyroid hormone results in a condition known as hyperthyroidism, while...
and cats.They like to roll in the mud.This is how they kill the vermin (寄生虫) on their bodies. Talking elephant Kosil lives in a zoo in South Korea.He can speak seven words in Korean,such as "hello" and "good".His keeper taught him these words.Scientists say Kosil is the only ...
Nevertheless, the challenge of identifying the actual causal genes and pathways and their biological effects on altering disease risk remains for many identified susceptibility regions. It is this fundamental knowledge that will underpin the revolution in patient stratification, the discovery of therapeutic...
Paragraph 3: When some people began to settle down and produce their food through farming and animal domestication—starting about 10,000 years ago—the first epidemiological transition occurred. Infectious diseases increased in impact, as larger and denser concentrations of people provided greater opport...
, and (iii) the single nucleotide polymorphisms only affect the outcome via their effects on the trait of interest (exclusion restriction). Fig. 2: Forest plot showing the effect estimates for the association between the polygenic risk score for Alzheimer’s disease (including theAPOEregion) and...
THE GLOBAL CITY OF THE TWENTY FIRST century analysis of its salient deteminants and their spatial implictions basis of risk factor epidemiology; by contrast, the social epidemiology perspective emphasizes social conditions as fundamental causes of disease (4) (table ... A Rahman 被引量: 0发表:...
A true pathogen is an infectious agent thatcauses disease in any possible host. The terms “in-fection” and “disease” are quite different.“能够引起疾病的微生物被称为病原体。真正的病原体是在任何可能的宿主中引起疾病的传染媒介。“感染”和“疾病”的术语是完全不同的。”由此可知,第二段讲述...
Graves’ disease may cause people who menstruate to have changes in their period. Their periods may become irregular, light, and infrequent. You may not release an egg or ovulate each month when your periods are irregular — not ovulating as often as you should — making it hard to get pr...
Coping with dementia, memory loss, and other memory problems Living with Alzheimer’s disease and the changes it can produce may be challenging for the person in question and their loved ones. A licensed therapist can offer advice, and support, and help you find ways to experience joy and pe...