{\boldsymbol{k}_{0}}}\) on the \((xy)\)-plane \(\Pi _{\boldsymbol{k}_{0}}\) of the ground-fixed frame \(\{B_{0}\}\) is employed to derive the intermediate normal vector \(\boldsymbol{v}= \boldsymbol{k}_{0} \times \boldsymbol{t}_{\Pi _{ \boldsymbol{k}_{0}}...
However, errors arise in real scenarios, since full orthogonality is challenging to achieve due to errors in the estimation of the noise subspace. The MUSIC spectrum generates a tremendous value when a match between the generated steering vector and the actual DOA occurs. The disadvantage of MUSIC...
Through the derivation operator, the local auto-enhancement image Θℒ(ℐ)ΘLI can be constructed as: Θℒ(ℐ)=ℒ𝑐(ℐ)−ℒ𝑐(ℐe)=ℒ𝑐(𝑟,𝜃,ℐ)−log(ℒ𝑐(𝑟,𝜃,ℐ)ℒ̃𝑐(ℐ)+1)log(ℒ𝑐max(ℐ)/ℒ̃𝑐(ℐ)+1)ΘLI=LcI−...
The question why natural processes tend to flow along a preferred direction has always been considered from within the perspective of the Second Law of Thermodynamics, especially its statistical formulation due to Maxwell and Boltzmann. In this article,
Direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation methods are highly versatile and find extensive applications in satellite communication. DoA methods are employed across a range of orbits, from low Earth orbits (LEO) to geostationary Earth orbits (GEO). They serve multiple applications, including altitude determi...
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Superscript “ T ” denotes the transposition of a matrix or a vector. C and β are the 6 × 6 symmetric stiffness constant matrix and the 3 × 3 symmetric dielectric constant matrix, respectively, which express the mechanical and electrical properties of the layer, respectively. e is the...