Aim To compare different experimental animal models of ALI, based on direct or indirect mechanisms of lung injury, to characterize a model which more closely could reproduce the acute phase of human ARDS. Materials and methods Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to intratracheal ...
aincluding physical or mental injury, death, direct or indirect damage, any delay, failure, breakdown, injury, loss of profts, incidental, special or consequental damage, including medical and other expences caused by the activity, stay, visit or use in question. 包括物理或精神伤害,死亡,直接...
The estimation of cost should reflect direct and indirect costs for managing the participants' care. Direct medical costs can include items such as physician or other healthcare professional office visits, medical/surgical tests and procedures, medications, devices, equipment, etc. Non-medical direct ...
of pocket costs. Patients with a joint replacement and/or low disease-specificquality of lifewere likely to prefer healthcare from anorthopaedist. Patients who already received healthcare for knee/hip problems were likely to prefer a joint consultation by GP and orthopaedist, and direct access ...
There is evidence that humans can survive a direct lightning strike to the head. Our question is: could water (rain) on the skin contribute to an increase in the survival rate? We measure the influence of rain during high-energy direct lightning strikes
In the US in 2012, a primary complaint of constipation was responsible for 3.2 million physician visits [13] resulting in (direct and indirect) costs of US$1.7 billion. In the UK, it is estimated 10% of district nursing time is spent on constipation [14] and the annual spend on ...
However, with an increase in the direct selling costs, if green consumers have a large difference in their preference for green and brown products, the manufacturer chooses agent selling, and vice versa. In particular, the impact of the market share of green consumers on the profits of the ...
mechanisms comprising the cleavage of selected outer membrane proteins and as a result membrane destabilization [2,3]. Apart from its antimicrobial proteolytic function, in indirect immunomodulatory mechanism of action, NE promotes cytokines, i.e., TNF-α, MIP-2, and IL-6 expression, which ...
resulting in (direct and indirect) costs of US$1.7 billion. In the UK, it is estimated 10% of district nursing time is spent on constipation [14] and the annual spend on laxatives exceeds £80 million, with 17.4 million medication prescriptions in 2012 [15]....
macrovascular morbidity and mortality. Among emerging anti-diabetic candidates, glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) based therapies carry special cardiovascular implications, exerting both direct as well as indirect effects. The direct cardiovascular effects of GLP-1 and its analogs remain the focus of ...