India's low tax-to-GDP ratio was recognised as "central feature of India's fiscal problem". The pervasive structure of exemptions and special clauses in the tax code has distorted resource allocation and adversely affected GDP growth keeping revenue deficit at the bay over the years. So over...
The average ratio (income Gini/consumption Gini) is 1.12, ranging from only 1.07 in the East Asia and Pacific region and in Europe and Central Asia, to 1.30, or close to 1.30, in North America and South Asia, reaching intermediate levels of 1.23 in the Middle East and North Africa and ...
Tax evasion and illicit financial flows out of the South (which total more than $1 trillion per year) drain resources that might otherwise be reinvested domestically, or which governments might otherwise use to build national industries. This problem is compounded by external debt service obligations...
this paper defines 146countries as developing countries and excludes OECD countries and tax havens (referencing Hines’s(2010) definition).4The above data thus form a panel data set consisting of 146 developing countriesfrom 2003 to...
FDI inflows as a percentage ofgross domestic product (GDP)are a good indicator of a nation’s appeal as a long-term investment destination.China's economyis currently smaller than the U.S. economy in nominal terms. FDI as a percentage of GDP in 2022 was 1.0% for China, compared with 1....
Hochul was about to announce a legislative session regarding the online gambling state bill. The Governor of New York recently scrapped a lucrative car tax plan that was expected to bring in $1 billion per year in revenue. Now, with regular… Law ・ 12 July 2024 Complete Sports ...
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Tax Revenue: % of GDP (%) 21.8 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 1990 - Jun 2024 National Government Debt (USD mn) 315,727.1 Sep 2024 monthly Jan 1960 - Sep 2024 Government Debt: % of GDP (%) 74.6 Jun 2024 quarterly Dec 1960 - Jun 2024 Forecast: Government Expenditure (ZAR bn) 3,210.549...
where τ is a tax rate and the Cobb–Douglas function Y(t) represents GDP (in many models, the Cobb–Douglas function is used as the estimation and forecasting of GDP from the supply side). (2.3)Y(t)=AKα(t)Lβ(t) where A is a measure of technology and α and β are the outp...
FDI represents net inflows of foreign direct investment (% of GDP). FD is the financial sector development. This is an index ranging from -1 to 1. The FD2 is the squared term of the financial sector development variable which tests the reaction of the environmental risk to doubling or ...