The first humans in the Volga region are thought to be from the late Stone Age. The southern part of the Volga region was inhabited initially by nomadic tribes: Scythians, then Sarmatae, and since 400 AD by emigrants from Asia. Huns arrived in 500–600 AD, Bulgarians occupied the middle...
The architect Guarini, for the Santissima Sindone dome in Turin, Italy, uses geometric illusion amplified by stone color and texture to create the perception of a much taller structure than the reality [Meek 1988]. Context plays a big role in how we perceive visual images. That context may...
In the Middle East, thousands of dry stone terrace walls were constructed in the dry valleys by past societies to capture runoff and floodwaters from local rainfall to enable agriculture in the desert (Ore and Bruins, 2012). In Asia, terracing is a widespread agricultural practice. Since ...
Upper and middle sections of the upper Dades catchment area is mainly composed of Jurassic carbonate rocks: limestone, marlstone and mudstone, while the lower section is composed of Neogene conglomerates (Fig. 1D) (Carte Géologique du Maroc, 1993). These rocks are of differing resistance. This...
macowanii, grasses found in the higher mountainous areas, are used outside and inside, as is a shorter broom of these species used to sweep meal from a grinding stone. A good stiff broom is also made from Ischyrolepis schoenoides, but this restio is hard to find. In the mid 1990’...
Conventional raw material sources for stone tool manufacture are limited to these hills and other areas where the Kalahari sands are thin (e.g. to the south and east of the Makgadikgadi Pans and along the Ghanzi Ridge; Boocock and van Straten, 1962; Mallick et al., 1981; Haddon and ...
The most important application of water-jet systems is for cutting ‘thicker’ ceramics, stone and metals. The main advantage of water-jet cutting over other methods is the fact that it is a cold cutting technology (max temp. 50 °C). In contrast to thermal cutting technologies (laser, pla...
Building stone STONE FROM IGNEOUS ROCKS Igneous rocks originate as molten magma far down in the earth's mantle, rising towards the surface before they solidify. The rock masses which are produced by igneous activity can be classified in three groups, according to their mode of emplacement: •...
Another significant find is a finely carved stone bowl (Fig. 9). Moreover, a hoard of over 3000 coins resembling the Tang Dynasty's “Jianzhong Tongbao” (“建中通宝”) and “Dali Yuanbao” (“大历元宝”) was unearthed within the city. These coins were locally minted during the Anxi ...
The overall accuracy of the predicted maps was checked by Leave-One-Out-Cross Validation (LOOCV; Stone, 1974). By LOOCV the estimation of the target soil property is carried out (n − 1) times, leaving out each time one of the samples. Then the predicted and the measured values of th...