Injection of CO2 into deep unminable coal reservoirs is regarded as an effective method to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Coal seams with burial depth > 800 m are the potential reservoirs for CO2 sequestration, and CO2 is stored in the form of supercritical state. The interactions between supe...
These species can be killed at early seedling stages (0–4 true leaves) using 20–50 kg/ha propane; at later stages (4–12 leaves) higher rates of 50–200 kg/ha propane, are required (Upadhyaya and Blackshaw, 2007). Predispersal flaming did not affect viability of C. album seeds, it...
as the gas composition becomes enriched in heavier components such as ethane and propane, the relative proportion of lost gas unattributed by the canister estimation, would tend to be higher. One advantage of this laboratory protocol is the capability of studying the partially depleted formations; fo...
They found that the Dself of methane reaches the maximum when the burial depth is 5 km. Moreover, when the pore size changes from 0.8 nm to 10 nm, the Dself increases by 80 time, such finding brought inspiration to shale gas development. The diffusion in MMT has been widely studied [...
Petroleum gas is generally referred to as “natural gas,” though this ignores the nonhydrocarbon natural gases of the atmosphere. Natural gas is generally composed of methane and varying amounts of ethane, propane, and butane. Petroleum gas composed almost exclusively of methane is termed “dry ...
They are typically formed by short-chain lipids such as 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) or 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1-rac-glycerol) (DMPG) with DH7PC, DPC or 3-[(cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS) ensuring the solubilization. In ...
line is usually an option. But in an economic sense, this characteristic may be unchangeable due to unrecoverable expenses that may be incurred to change the pipeline's location. Another example would be the pipeline depth of cover. To change this characteristic would mean a reburial or the ...
The produced gas is first treated to control the dew point. For example, water may be condensed out of the gas in a glycol dehydration unit. The gas is then compressed, metered, and pipelined to a gas plant. Liquids such as condensate, butane, and propane may be recovered at the gas ...
The amount of gas retained in the coal depends on a number of factors, such as the rank of coal, the depth of burial, the immediate roof and floor, geological anomalies, tectonic forces, and the temperature prevailing during the coalification process. In general, the higher the rank of ...
The amount of natural gas liquids (NGLs – hydrocarbon derivatives having a higher molecular weight than methane, such as propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, and even octane) commonly associated with natural gas production present in the gas can also vary considerably, with important implicat...