3.7 General Path-specific Effects 4. 结论 相关文章 前言 Judea Pearl是图灵奖得主,因果推断的奠基人之一。由于阅读的论文中涉及到反事实推断中Total Effect(TE), Natural Direct Effect(NDE), Total Indirect Effect(TIE)等概念,涉及到反事实推断方法的核心,因此前来拜读一下Pearl老爷子二十年前发表的这篇论文。
Natural disastersFirm performanceFirm strategiesThis work investigates the impacts of the 2012 Emilia-Romagna earthquake and looks at the capacity of the regional economic system to adapt to the shock generated by the seismic event. We contribute to the literature by distinguishing two different effects...
Distinguishing between direct and indirect effects of predators in complex ecosystems. J. Anim. Ecol. 82:438-448.O'Connor NE, Emmerson MC, Crowe TP, Donohue I (2013) Dis- tinguishing between direct and indirect effects of predators in complex ecosystems. J Anim Ecol 82:438-448. https:...
Bootstrap methods provide a check on the classical and delta methods when the latter are applied under less than ideal conditions. 展开 关键词: CiteSeerX citations Direct and indirect effects: Classical and bootstrap estimates of variability K A Bollen R A Stine ...
The indirect effect of economic inequality is greater than the direct effect. Finally, there was no variation in the effects of extra-legal variables between those models which controlled for system level data and those which did not. 展开 ...
The effects of Key2Teach on teachers' sense of self-efficacy and emotional exhaustion related to students with externalizing problem behaviour were investigated using an RCT-design. 103 teachers were randomly assigned to an intervention or control condition and followed during a school-year. Data were...
Many factors, including climate, resource availability, and habitat diversity, have been proposed as determinants of global diversity, but the links among them have rarely been studied. Using structural equation modeling (SEM), we investigated direct and indirect effects of climate variables, host-plan...
We estimate this indirect effect using a flexible functional form cost function. Total factor productivity and the direct and indirect productivity effects of environmental regulations are presented for five polluting industries. We find that the indirect effect can be either positive or negative, and ...
Most of the direct effects of neighborhood built environments on CO 2 emissions were not significant, especially those from non-commuting trips. These findings suggest that in the process of formulating low-carbon oriented land-use and transport planning and policies, the indirect effects of the ...
Community patterns are determined by both direct and indirect effects, but the nature and relative importance of these effects are often dependent on abiotic environmental factors.