there is a large excess of replacement (nonsynonymous) substitutions along each primate lineage (particularly on exons 2-4 encoding the extracellular glycosylated domain of GYPA) and a significant excess of polymorphisms in exon 2 (encoding the terminal portion of the extracellular domain) within ...
2.3 Class imbalance The problem of class imbalance occurs when within a given dataset a given class has a higher or lower number of samples in comparison with the other classes. The class with few samples is the minority class. In a dataset with two classes, the positive class is normally ...
In QM, we learned that some quantities are physical and some are not. For example, wave functions are not physical, because they can have different phases for the same physics; but the modulus squared of a wave function or of an inner product of wave functions are physical, because they m...
Later, the model—although at first glance very specialized and restricted—has been shown to be able to account for many phenomena in a much wider class of systems, namely the disorder-induced quantum phase transitions in seemingly all of the different presently considered disordered systems. The...
Theoretical modelling suggests that these phenomena have different physical origins from similar observations in other extensile active nematics, and a growing bacterial colony belongs to a new universality class, with features reminiscent of the expanding universe....
Recently, numerous approaches have emerged in the social sciences to exploit the opportunities made possible by the vast amounts of data generated by online social networks (OSNs). Having access to information about users on such a scale opens up a range
Expanding the field operator in terms of the complete set we obtain the following expression for the Hadamard function(11)G(1)(x,x′)=∑σ∑s=±φσ(s)(x)φσ(s)⁎(x′). For the problem under consideration, we can choose the mode function in the factorized form(12)φσ(±)(x...
3termmatching术语匹配26选104 实用标准文案 跨文化交际期末复习 Unit1 Term interpretation Economic globalization 经济全球化 The integration of national economics of national economics into the international economy through trade, foreign direct investment, capital flows, migration, and the spread of...
function.Bystudyingtheasymptoticbehaviourofthefieldconfigurationswedefinethephysicalchargesofthefieldsystem.TheextremalityconditionmakesthechargestosaturatetheBogomol’nyi–Prasad–Sommerfield(BPS)bound.11IntroductionIneffectivelowenergytheoriesofgravityderivedfromsuperstringtheoryEinsteingravityissupplemented...
In this context, algorithms and operations involve physical manipulation of physical quantities. Typically, but not necessarily, such quantities may take the form of electrical, magnetic, or optical signals capable of being stored, accessed, transferred, combined, compared, or otherwise manipulated by ...