Dihydropyridine and nondihydropyridine CCBs have somewhat different side-effect profiles. With dihydropyridines, vasodilation-dependent adverse effects (flushing, palpitations, ankle edema) predominate, whereas with verapamil and diltiazem, vasodilation symptoms are generally milder and cardiac conductance and gast...
For this reason, the clinical utility of nondihydropyridine CCBs is their negative inotropic and chronotropic action on the heart, whereas the vasodilating properties of the dihydropyridines (e.g., amlodipine) make them preferred for the treatment of hypertension. Numerous studies have confirmed that ...
2 and R3 each is alkyl, wherein benzene ring A bears one or more substituents selected from halogeno, cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl and alkyl or bears the substituent =N-O-N= attached to the 2- and 3-positions, wherein Ar is phenyl, naphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, indanyl or indenyl ...
Context: Amlodipine, a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (CCB), is the leading cause of cardiovascular drug-related overdose deaths in the USA. In contrast, angiotensin-II receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) cause minimal toxicity in overdose. ACEIs/A...
CONSTITUTION:A 1,4-dihydropyridinecarboxylic acid expressed by formula I (R1 is alkyl; X, Y and Z are H, halogen, trifluoromethyl, nitro, etc.) is reacted with an azetidinium salt expressed by formula II [R2, R3 and R4 are H, alkyl or (substituted) alkyl; L(-) is anion residue] ...
They were more likely to be female, have diabetes and COPD, and less likely to have heart failure and had a lower mean CHADS 2 score (3.3 vs. 3.5). Non-DHP CCB use was not associated with an increased risk of stroke/non-CNS SE (P=0.11) or the composite outcome of NMCR or major...