Chemical changes occur in which large molecules are changed to smaller ones, thereby increasing the solubility of nutrients. Table 5.2. Physiological breakdown of carbohydrates from food. These end products of digestion have three features in common: 1. they are small molecules that can pass through...
Thesmall intestineis the segment of the gut where the most digestion and absorption occur. The small intestine contains three segments—the duodenum, thejejunum, and the ileum. Stomach acids are neutralized and digestive processes begun in the short duodenal segment. Secretory ducts from the pancreas...
Gallstones are harder deposits of bile that can occur and pile up in your gallbladder. Biliary stasis refers to the slowing or stopping of healthy bile flow. In the United States alone, about 20.5 million people have gallbladder disease and about 3/4th of them are women. When gallstones a...
Enzymes are often described as chemical catalysts. This means that that they are chemical substances that, when present, increase the rate at which chemical reactions occur. Enzymes are used in the digestive system to break down larger molecules into smaller, more manageable molecules. Without them...
Digestion is a process in which large and complex molecules get converted into smaller ones, which are further absorbed into the blood. A catabolic process involving mechanical and chemical digestion. Actions of digestive enzymes aid digestion.
Digestive System
vomiting, gastric distress, and apparently reversible oligospermia. These occur in about one-third of the patients. Less frequent adverse reactions are pruritus, urticaria, fever, Heinz body anemia, hemolytic anemia and cyanosis, which may occur at a frequency of one in every thirty patients or ...
The actual frequency of toxicity in commonly used laboratory animals is lower than one might expect, primarily due to the high rate of cellular proliferation that can occur in the reparative response to any loss of mucosal epithelium. Factors that account for the GI tract’s ability to es...
These symptoms may occur simultaneously while gluten damages the intestines. The only real “test” of celiac disease is a gluten-free diet to determine if the symptoms diminish. By following a gluten-free diet, the damage to the intestinal lining may heal from a few months in children to a...
In addition, occasionally the gastrin-producing tumors may occur in the wall of the duodenum and require resection. The multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome may be present in 25% of the cases. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy is useful in detecting primary and metastatic gastrinomas. ...