For each of these countries, we (1) described the trends of TB incidence and HIV prevalence, and (2) examined country-level associations between TB incidence and HIV prevalence, using negative binomial regression.ResultsThe trends of TB incidence and HIV prevalence, and the country-level ...
array of other influences including those driven by the impact of climate change [6]. The risk of transmitting infectious diseases poses a threat due to the dramatic shift in global and regional interconnectivity, leading to the geographical circulation of viruses into previously unaffected regions [7...
We reconstructed the temporal evolution of HBV and HDV in Yakutia, one of the regions of Russia most affected by HBV and HDV, in an attempt to understand the possible mechanisms that led to unusual for Russia pattern of viral genotypes and to identify current distribution trends. Methods HBV ...
array of other influences including those driven by the impact of climate change [6]. The risk of transmitting infectious diseases poses a threat due to the dramatic shift in global and regional interconnectivity, leading to the geographical circulation of viruses into previously unaffected regions [7...
“Mating type” contributed significantly to the variation of aggressiveness but not to fungicide resistance. Further LSD analysis showed that A. alternata populations exhibited similar trends of tolerance to mancozeb and difenoconazole. Populations HLJ and HNN were most tolerant to both mancozeb and ...
The IMPACT models have quantified the contribution of cardiovascular risk factors on CHD mortality trends. Modest reductions in major risk factors such as cholesterol could po- tentially prevent or postpone approximately 25,000 fewer CHD deaths [27]. Further studies have detected ...
Epidemics and sporadic cases of hepatitis E occur in areas of endemicity (genotypes 1, 2 and 4); more isolated clinical cases are diagnosed mostly among asymptomatic seropositive residents in developed countries (mainly genotype 3). Chronic infection, almost exclusively with genotype 3 HEV, occurs...
period in its history in 1816 (and surrounding years). It all culminated in the Panic of 1837 with another major stock market crash that began a bear market and depression that lasted almost to the end of the century. Cholera epidemics from 1829-51 wiped out hundreds of thousands of people...
ρiis the meteorological factor on the i-th day.NS (…)is a natural spline function (used to control for seasonal and long-term trends, the day of the week effect and other influencing factors).tis a date variable.dfis the degrees of freedom.sis a spline function.Zjis other influencing...
trends of malaria proportion that are not related to environmental conditions. Static variablesmeasured environmental conditions that were not expected to change substantially between years. These included data on settlement structures, land cover, and the hydrological setting of the landscape. We created ...