Cos (cosine) is basic trigonometric function used to determine the ratio between the adjacent side and hypotenuse of right triangle, while cosh (hyperbolic cosine) relates to the sum of the exponential functions e^x and e^-x, used in hyperbolic geometry. ...
The functions Oi(ct,α) are:Oi(ct,α)=Nie−ct/cτ[aicosh(ΔΓst2)+bisinh(ΔΓst2)+cicos(Δmst)+disin(Δmst)], where Δms is the mass difference between the heavy and light Bs0 mass eigenstates, cτ is defined as the product of the lifetime and the speed of...
Considering an image to be a matrix of values; the measure of lossy compression algorithm normally uses a standard matrix to measure the difference between reconstructed images and the original ones. Let Pibe the pixels of reconstructed image and Qi be the ones of the original, where i = 1,...
Such gratings are based on interaction between the pulses without an actual overlap, taking place indirectly, via oscillations of macroscopic polarization of the medium. The first pulse prepares the medium in a coherent superposition of the ground and excited states. This superposition exists within th...
An image of the surface is obtained by mechanically moving the probe in a raster (line by line) scan of the sample and recording the interaction between the probe and the sample surface as a function of the position of the probe relative to the surface of the sample. An atomic force ...