Participant demographic characteristics, including age and sex, were collected during a medical examination. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as the ratio of weight (kg) and height squared (m2). Weight and height were measured using a calibrated scale. Serum creatinine was measured using an...
In addition, it was shown that the WG diet had a different effect between women (characterized by an increase in fumarate) and men (characterized by an increase in creatinine and a reduction in several metabolites, such as methylguanadine, pyruvate, citrate, succinate, 3-hydroxyisovalerate, and...